The global warming problem caused by carbon emissions has significantly influence the sustainable development of human society. Nowadays, more and more countries and regions are taking measures to cope with this problem. Researches indicated that consumers' energy consumption has a significant influence on the carbon emissions. To guide, regulate and motivate consumers' energy consumption behavior is benefit to make a low-carbon energy consumption pattern, which has an important theoretical and realistic significance. Based on the personal carbon trading scheme, we construct an energy use choice model and analyze the market equilibrium of the carbon trading. It is shown that personal carbon trading scheme can motivate consumers to choose clean energy and to make a low-carbon energy consumption pattern. The supply curve of the carbon allowance is different from the general commodity supply curve. When the carbon price increases, the supply quantity of the carbon allowance will decrease. The initial allocated carbon allowance should be set at an appropriate level, thus, the carbon trading among consumers can be achieved.

New individual income tax rates take effect on September 1, 2011. Besides these direct taxes, indirect taxes, such as consumption tax, also have an impact on individual's disposable income. How do these different taxes influence the welfare of society and economic activity in China? What are the suggestions given to policymakers? The research analyzes how personal income tax and consumption tax influence all aspects of the society, ranging from international trade to GDP. This paper builds a computable general equilibrium model and employs the 2010 national statistical data to indicate that both the reduction of consumption rate and personal income tax rate for individuals in rural areas and the increase of personal income tax rate for ones in urban will improve the welfare and income of rural population. Furthermore, expansion of imports in primary industry and decline of exports in secondary industry will raise the people's living standards, increase the overall well-being and promote the growth of domestic production. Besides, when net imports in primary industry and net exports in secondary industry increase simultaneously, the macroeconomic indicators will be better of at the cost of huge shock to primary industry. Finally, this paper indicates that elasticity of substitution in utility function has less effect on welfare compared to elasticity of substitution in production function.

Concepts revolving around "displaced cones" are used to extend the ideas of nondominated solutions in multiobjective programming. Necessary and sufficient conditions are formed around the additive models of DEA to idelltify nondominated solutions. This provdes a basis for effecting contacts with other disciplines and other parts of DEA.

<正> §5.1 多目标决策问题的特点 许多决策问题有多个目标。例如,人们购买一件商品,既要价廉又要物美,它包含了两个目标。如果把购买商品具体到购买一件衣服,则人们一般将考虑以下五个因素:质量、颜色、式样、大小、价格,因此,这是一个有五个目标的决策问题。 在工程系统和社会

Based on price duration and volume duration, this paper introduces two indexes to describe the market liquidity. Results show that there is conflict between the two indexes. To find out which is more significant, liquidity ratio is introduced to demonstrate the liquidity situation. Using the new indexes, this paper studies the intraday trend of liquidity and makes model to find out the factors influencing the liquidity of futures market. Empirical results show that both volume and open interest influence the liquidity positively, while absolute yield has significant negative influences. What's more the volume's influence is more significant. The results also show that price spread is not suitable for Chinese market. We should consider the volume when measuring Chinese market's liquidity.

To improve individual customer churn prediction accuracy, integrated model of SMC, rough sets (RS) and least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), i.e., SMC-RS-LSSVM, for E-business customer churn prediction was proposed in this paper. Firstly, customers' active probabilities were obtained by using SMC model to identify customer churn status with the threshold of 0.5. The training and testing samples were formed by the correctly identified customers and incorrectly identified customers respectively. Then the attributes were reduced using rough sets and LSSVM was trained with training samples. Lastly, the trained LSSVM model was used to identify customer churn status of testing samples. Taking 2525 customers in an E-shop as samples, empirical results show that, compared with SMC, BP neural network and LSSVM models, integration model of SMC-RS-LSSVM is an efficient and practical tool for E-business customer churn prediction of testing samples.

In this paper we discuss the linear stability and nonlinear stability of symplectic methods. We illustrate the importance of studying these two types of stability in view of dynamics and its numerical computation and give a brief summary of some relevant results. We give a definition to the notion “analytic method” and show that an analytic symplectic method (e.g., Runge-Kutta symplectic methods) is absolutely linear stable if the stability function of the method is meromorphic on the complex plane. We notice that there are not only analytic methods (e.g., Runge-Kutta methods) but also non-analytic methods (e.g., various exponential integration methods based on constant variational formula) with absolutely linear stability. We review and discuss the main results, initiated by R. I. MacLachlan and S. K. Gray then further developed by S. Blanes, F. Casas and A. Murua, on the linear stability of splitting methods as well as on the construction of arbitrarily high order splitting symplectic methods and more efficient conjugate processed integrators with optimal linear stability by suitably choosing stability polynomial functions. Such optimized integrators show good numerical stability for linear dominated problems with weak nonlinear perturbations such as highly oscillatory systems and wave equations. We discuss the known results on nonlinear stability of symplectic methods by analyzing the stability of elliptic equilibrium, the exponentially slow diffusion of energy surface, and the preservation of the KAM invariant tori. At last we propose a new nonlinear stability notion by analyzing the homoclinic trajectories of the nonlinear oscillator of one degree of freedom on the basis of backward error analysis, to give a practically useful nonlinear stability criterion of symplectic methods.

本文是世界一流数学家V.Arnold给5至15岁孩子精心挑选的数学题。

The aim of this paper is to study the regularity of solutions to the Dirichlet problems for general second-order elliptic equations in Lebesgue and Morrey spaces. We consider both nondivergence and divergence forms and the coefficients of principle terms are assumed to be in VMO.

In view of the various development tendency of decision support systems (DSS), this paper makes a summary from five aspects and delineates the main line of intelligence development which is from traditional DSS to man machine intelligent decision system (M 2IDS) via intelligent decision support systems (IDSS). Based on the above work, the view that M 2IDS is the new stage of DSS development is pointed out. The features of M 2IDS as well as the distinctions between M 2IDS and IDSS are emphatically discussed ...

Modelling the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil spot price structure has received an increasing attention in recent years. However, most of the existing literatures focus on classical econometric methods and point-valued counterfactual analysis, which may suffer from informational loss. This paper proposes a novel interval-based counterfactual analysis to explore the impact of crude oil fluctuation events that appeared on WTI crude oil spot prices in 2011. The interval-based models can be used to simultaneously estimate hypothetical values of level and volatility of WTI price that are not affected by the event. These counterfactual estimations are based on the cross-sectional correlations between WTI and other 10 international crude oil spot markets. Our findings reveal that both the level and volatility of WTI price were lowered by the oversupply of crude oil production caused by shale oil boom, and this effect did not disappear until the end of 2014. The results can provide an important reference for the government, industry practitioners and individual investors.

Emergency resource scheduling of disasters and accidents is an effective means to reduce the loss of lives and property. This paper considers the multi-resource emergency scheduling problem in disaster chain. After the multi-resource and multi-disaster-place scheduling model is proposed, a novel heuristic algorithm is given based on network optimization in graph theory and linear programming optimization. The computational complexity of the algorithm is also analyzed. This algorithm divides the resources into different categories according to emergency resource demand in original and secondary disasters. For common emergency resources both disasters demand in disaster chain, this algorithm reduces the complexity and computation time of the problem by improving the linear relaxation solution of the model. For emergency resources the original or secondary disasters demand, this algorithm finds depots by local search method. Therefore the satisfactory resource scheduling solution is obtained. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness and feasibility of this algorithm. The algorithm is suitable for large-scale problems and meets the real-time requirement.

Chen Jingrun was born on 22 May,1933 in Fu Zhou in Fu Jian province of China.Chen's father Chen Yuanjun was a clerk in postoffice and his mother was passed away in 1947.Chen's family was comparatively poor since the income of his father was lower and the population of his family was comparatively large.